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Francisco de Goya (1746-1828)
Consummately Spanish artist whose multifarious paintings, drawings, and engravings reflected contemporary historical upheavals and influenced important 19th- and 20th-century painters. Like Velazquez, Goya was a Spanish court painter whose best work was done apart from his official duties. He is known for his scenes of violence, especially those prompted by the French invasion of Spain. The series of etchings Los desastres de la guerra ("The Disasters of War", 1810-14) records the horrors of the Napoleonic invasion. His masterpieces in painting include The Naked Maja and The Clothed Maja (c. 1800-05). He also painted charming portraits such as Senora Sabasa Garcia.
For the bold technique of his paintings, the haunting satire of his etchings, and his belief that the artist's vision is more important than tradition, Goya is often called "the first of the moderns." His uncompromising portrayal of his times marks the beginning of 19th-century realism.
From 1775 to 1792 Goya painted cartoons (designs) for the royal tapestry factory in Madrid. This was the most important period in his artistic development. As a tapestry designer, Goya did his first genre paintings, or scenes from everyday life.
The experience helped him become a keen observer of human behavior. He was also influenced by neoclassicism, which was gaining favor over the rococo style. Finally, his study of the works of Velazquez in the royal collection resulted in a looser, more spontaneous painting technique.
At the same time, Goya achieved his first popular success. He became established as a portrait painter to the Spanish aristocracy. He was elected to the Royal Academy of San Fernando in 1780, named painter to the king in 1786, and made a court painter in 1789.
A serious illness in 1792 left Goya permanently deaf. Isolated from others by his deafness, he became increasingly occupied with the fantasies and inventions of his imagination and with critical and satirical observations of mankind. He evolved a bold, free new style close to caricature. In 1799 he published the Caprichos, a series of etchings satirizing human folly and weakness. His portraits became penetrating characterizations, revealing their subjects as Goya saw them. In his religious frescoes he employed a broad, free style and an earthy realism unprecedented in religious art.
Goya served as director of painting at the Royal Academy from 1795 to 1797 and was appointed first Spanish court painter in 1799. During the Napoleonic invasion and the Spanish war of independence from 1808 to 1814, Goya served as court painter to the French. He expressed his horror of armed conflict in The Disasters of War, a series of starkly realistic etchings on the atrocities of war. They were not published until 1863, long after Goya's death.
Upon the restoration of the Spanish monarchy, Goya was pardoned for serving the French, but his work was not favored by the new king. He was called before the Inquisition to explain his earlier portrait of The Naked Maja, one of the few nudes in Spanish art at that time.
Today many of his best paintings hang in Madrid's Prado art museum.
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| Bartolome Sureda y Miserol - Francisco de Goya |
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| Blind Guitarist |
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| Burial of the Sardine |
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| Countess of Chinchon - Francisco de Goya |
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| Crucified Christ |
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| Don Antonio Noriega |
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| Don Manuel Osorio Manrique de Zu ga |
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| Don Ramon Satue |
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| Dona Therese Louise de Sureda |
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| Duchess of Alba |
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| Family of Carlos IV |
Price Was: Now: $149.95 |
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| Isabel de Porcel |
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| Little Giants |
Price Was: Now: $119.95 |
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| Majas on a Balcony |
Price Was: Now: $119.95 |
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| Maria Teresa of Vallabriga on Horseback |
Price Was: Now: $99.95 |
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| Marquesa de la Solana |
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| Portait of Maria Teresa de Borbon y Vallabriga |
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| Portrait of Mariana Waldstein |
Price Was: Now: $99.95 |
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| Senora Sabasa Garcia |
Price Was: Now: $99.95 |
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| Spring |
Price Was: Now: $149.95 |
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| Strolling Players |
Price Was: Now: $119.95 |
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